Show in expert mode
Compare Show in expert mode
High electricity demand due to hydrogen production for the seasonal storage of significant solar power generation
sun
Photovoltaics as Main Source
By 2050, photovoltaics will generate 76 TWh of electricity in Switzerland, with 72 GW installed capacity
water
Expansion of Wind and Water
An additional 6 TWh from wind power and 1 TWh from hydropower will enhance energy security
snow_flake
Power-to-Gas for Winter Electricity
Excess solar power from summer will be stored as gas and used for electricity generation in winter
power_coord
Electrification of Transport and Heating
Fossil fuels will be replaced by efficient electric solutions in transport and buildings
Energy Mix Winter
Production
Demand
Production
2025
Total generation 34.1 TWh
2050
Total generation 51.9 TWh
Demand
2025
Total demand 34.6 TWh
2050
Total demand 50.8 TWh

Pros and Cons
Pros:
Cons:
2050 Winter

Pros:
Cons:
Transition Winter
The energy mix as we transition to 2050
Demand
Import
PV
Wind
Hydro
Biomass
Gas
Nuclear
Fossil
2025 Winter
TWh
Demand
34.6
Generation
34.1
Deficit
--
Import
0.5
Import
0.5
Import atget exceeded
--
Generation
34.1
Storage reserve used
--
PV
4.4
PV Roof
3.7
PV Alpine
0.7
PV Ground
--
Wind
0.6
Hydro
14.8
Run-of-River
6.3
Storage
8.5
Biomass
1.2
Biomass
1.2
CCS Biomass
--
Gas
--
Market-Gas
--
Reserve gas power plants
--
Geothermal
--
Nuclear
12.2
Nuclear
12.2
New nuclear
--
Fossil
0.9
Existing fossil fuel power plants
0.9
CCS Fossil Fuels
--
Hard coal
--
Challenges
sun
Utilizing Photovoltaic Overcapacity
Up to 10 TWh of solar power might go unused or unexported due to limited storage capacity
valve
Efficiency Losses in Power-to-Gas
The reconversion of gas from excess solar power causes significant energy losses
wind_turbine
Wind Power Expansion for Winter Needs
Despite wind power expansion, meeting winter electricity demand remains a major challenge
power_coord
Increased Electricity Demand for Electrification
Electrifying transport and heating significantly raises electricity demand, requiring efficient solutions
Season

The seasonal impact

Looking at winter, summer, and full year in an energy scenario reveals seasonal variations in demand (e.g., heating vs. cooling) and supply (e.g., solar availability), helping optimize resource use and ensure system resilience year-round.

Simulate conditions

Stress Test

In the stress test, we simulate supply under particularly adverse extreme situations. The following two situations are modeled:

  1. Monthly bad weather: This examines a worst-case situation: How much production is lost if the worst possible weather conditions occur in each month. This is a monthly perspective to check whether a deficit could occur in any of the winter months. Details on the modeling can be found in the About section.

  2. Import restrictions: This assumes that imports are limited. The availability of French nuclear energy is limited to 60%, gas availability in Europe to 80%, and the grid's import capacities to 40%. Other settings are possible in Expert Mode.

Simulate conditions

Stress Test

In the stress test, we simulate supply under particularly adverse extreme situations. The following two situations are modeled:

  1. Monthly bad weather: This examines a worst-case situation: How much production is lost if the worst possible weather conditions occur in each month. This is a monthly perspective to check whether a deficit could occur in any of the winter months. Details on the modeling can be found in the About section.

  2. Import restrictions: This assumes that imports are limited. The availability of French nuclear energy is limited to 60%, gas availability in Europe to 80%, and the grid's import capacities to 40%. Other settings are possible in Expert Mode.

How Resilient Is This Scenario? Put It to the Test!

The scenario above assumes normal weather and stable energy imports, but what happens when extreme conditions hit? A harsh winter or import limitations from the EU could impact production, increase demand, and even lead to power shortages. Stress-test your scenario under these challenging conditions and see how it holds up in the face of real-world uncertainties.

Bad weather conditions
Costs
Total Costs, Revenues and Subsidies in CHF until 2050.
Total production costs
302 billion
Accumulated until 2050
Revenues
258 billion
Assuming an average power price of 75 CHF/MWn
Subsidies required
67 billion
Remaining costs not covered by revenues
Average cost
10.8 billion / year
The annual average of the total cost, 10.8 bn CHF per year, is less than 2% of the (estimated) Swiss GDP in 2024 (825 bn. CHF).
Levelized cost
We use Levelized costs of electricity (LCOE). Future costs may rise as cheaper plants are replaced. High demand and costly technologies like rooftop PV can further increase costs. See Expert Mode for details on technology costs.
2020s
2030s
2040s
Levelized cost (LCOE) ⌀ CHF/MWh

Levelized Costs of Electricity

All costs in the following section are Levelized Costs of Electricity (LCOE), a key metric for comparing energy sources. LCOE includes capital, operational, and fuel costs over a plant’s lifetime, offering a transparent view of electricity generation expenses. All values are real 2024.

About the scenario developer
Roger Nordmann (SP)
Roger Nordmann (SP)
Roger Nordmann is a member of the Swiss Social Democratic Party (SP) and a strong advocate for climate action. He is known for pushing progressive energy policies and the expansion of renewable energy in Switzerland. His focus is on reducing emissions while ensuring social fairness in the energy transition.
Want to know more about this scenario?
Explore detailed energy data, customize generation parameters, and create your own energy scenario with the expert mode
Show in expert mode
Explore other scenarios
Show all
Axpo Renewables A balanced build-out of renewables, focusing on solar and wind. Green gas as winter-backup

Legend

A projection of the energy mix, demand and production for the year 2050 for the given scenario.
HydroPVNuclearWindGasBiomassFossilGeothermal Other
D : Demand • P : Production • Δ : Production Surplus
Axpo Landscape Ambitious nuclear and rooftop solar expansion to avoid landscape-impacting wind and alpine solar units

Legend

A projection of the energy mix, demand and production for the year 2050 for the given scenario.
HydroPVNuclearWindGasBiomassFossilGeothermal Other
D : Demand • P : Production • Δ : Production Surplus
Energy Law ("Mantelerlass") Targets of 35 TWh of renewable energy by 2035 and 45 TWh by 2050, plus 6 TWh of renewable winter electricity, of which 2 TWh hydropower

Legend

A projection of the energy mix, demand and production for the year 2050 for the given scenario.
HydroPVNuclearWindGasBiomassFossilGeothermal Other
D : Demand • P : Production • Δ : Production Surplus
Business as usual Without increased investments, winter import dependency will rise strongly, making blackouts likely after the nuclear shutdown

Legend

A projection of the energy mix, demand and production for the year 2050 for the given scenario.
HydroPVNuclearWindGasBiomassFossilGeothermal Other
D : Demand • P : Production • Δ : Production Surplus
We want your feedback!
We’re excited to be taking Power Switcher in a new direction and would love your feedback! Let us know what’s working and where we can improve, every suggestion helps us make the tool better for you.
Share feedback
Got questions about the Power Switcher or the Scenarios?
Contact us on [email protected]
Methodology reviewed by ETH Zürich